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Hello welcome to the city of Toronto's presentation for aerial spray control of gypsy moth in 2019 gypsy moth monitoring is done by the forest health care group within the city of Toronto's urban forestry department we work using an integrated pest management or IPM approach in which we also balance the economic social and environmental aspects of damage caused by insects and pathogens to city trees in short we deal with a variety of bugs fungi bacteria human and animal damage to tree identification treatment method monitoring and prevention are the basic concepts of IPM in this model eradication of a pest is not the end goal rather a balance or threshold is targeted at which a pest or pathogen is kept at to minimize damage to trees this is core to how we manage gypsy moth in Toronto in this presentation we will go through the following topics a generalized overview of gypsy moth a brief history of this pest in Toronto current gypsy moth population levels treatment options for control of gypsy moths details of the aerial spray planned for this spring in Toronto and a breakdown of the pesticide BTK that is being used in the spray the European gypsy moth is native to Europe and was originally brought over to North America around 1869 in an attempt to interbreed with silkworms and initiate a silkworm industry the gypsy moth had other plans and quickly began to naturalize and move throughout Eastern North America gypsy moth is now well-established in Toronto and parts of southern Ontario eradication is not feasible but threshold levels can be kept in check with various control options gypsy moth is a DE forum meaning a leaf eating pest which feeds on a wide range of trees and shrubs but prefers certain types of trees over others especially oaks Toronto has had several outbreaks in pockets of the city starting in the 1990s 2006 to 2008 2013 and again in 2017 gypsy moth populations within these pockets fluctuate from low to high and are not consistent across the city this makes overall control difficult the larval stage where caterpillar is the most damaging since this is when feeding occurs and can last up to 7 weeks gypsy moth at any stage in this lifecycle is not a human or animal hazard they can be unsightly and a nuisance but are not a health threat gypsy moth overwinters in an egg mass usually stuck to the bark or on crevices of trees each egg mass can hold between 300 and 1000 eggs parasitic wasps tend to destroy around 30 of these eggs before they hatch caterpillars begin to emerge in mid-Mar and are usually noticed into July initially caterpillars are very small but grow to a few inches in length and are voracious eaters which also equates to productive pooping machines the initial small stage of the caterpillar is the most susceptible to pesticide spraying caterpillars become much harder as they grow caterpillars begin to pupate or cocoon in late July to August and emerge a few weeks later than moths male moths are smaller and a darker beige...